TUGAS TENSES

NAMA   : SITI NURHAYATI KELAS   : 1EA26 NPM     : 18211856 TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB 1

 

TENSES

              Tenses derived from the Latin word tempus which means the time (time), and obtained through the French language is a form Temps.Tenses usual time we get on in learning English. Due to the tense we can use the sentence in accordance with the depirgunakan keadaan.Pemakaian verb for an act done with the habit, in contrast to the verb used in the ongoing activities, and verbs that are used for past actions, it is also different .

 
              Tenses used in English, there are 16 times that amount, which is known as time division 16 tenses.Tiga the past (past), present (now), future (will come) are called tenses. Based on the division of time, in three groups form the main tenses, each broken down again to declare the act in a more specific time.

              By understanding and mastering the tenses of English you will be faster, especially in terms of self-learning grammatical deviations. To be stuck tense of course this needs to be practiced when you are accustomed to speaking and writing. English is indeed strange, and tenses of English is what makes it complicated, especially for us people of Indonesia. But once we recognize the formula is actually not difficult tenses.

 
Just look at the difference in English:

 
• Dedy visits Budi now (now)
• Dedy Budi visited yesterday (yesterday / past)
• Budi Dedy will visit next Sunday (will come)

This example illustrates the difference between the events is done now, past, or future. In matters like these tenses role to determine when and where it happened.

Here are the 16 division of tenses which we will discuss (in serial):

1.      Present tense
• Simple Present Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2.       Past Tenses
• Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3.        (Present) Future Tenses
• (Present) Simple Future Tense
• (Present) Future Continuous Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4.        Conditional / Past Tense Future
• Simple Conditional / Past Tense Future
• Conditional / Continuous Past Future Tense
• Conditional / Past Perfect Future Tense
• Conditional / Continuous Past Perfect Future Tense

How to Recognize "tense"

A. With Viewing Forms of Verbs

The main way to recognize "tenses" is to see the word forms of a predicate of a sentence. To remind again, consider the following list of verbs

Present/Infinitive (Bentuk I)		Simple Past (Bentuk II)	Past Participle (Bentuk III)	Continous Form (Bentuk –ing)
Tanpa Akhiran -es/-s	Berakhiran -es/-s
Dig	digs	Dug	dug	Digging
Do	does	Did	done	Doing
draw	draws	Drew	drawn	Drawing
dream	dreams	dreamed/dreamt	dreamed/dreamt	Dreaming
drink	drinks	Drank	drunk	Drinking
drive	drives	Drove	driven	Driving

B. By Looking at 'Time Signal' (= alert Time)
Another way to identify the name of 'tense' is by looking at the cues contained in the sentence. Sometimes - sometimes a sentence has a hint of time, but sometimes not. When the sentence has a hint of time so we can recognize the name of 'tense' sentence from time signal uses.

Here's the name of six (6) 'tenses' and the usual time cues used in each - each 'tense':

No.	Nama Tense	Isyarat Waktu	Makna
1.	The Simple Present Tense	Everyday	Setiap hari
		Every week	Setiap pekan
		Every month	Setiap bulan
		Every year	Setiap tahun
		Every Sunday	Setiap hari Minggu
		Every.......	Setiap..........
		Always	Selalu
		Often	Sering
		Sometimes	Kadang – kadang
		Seldom	Jarang
		Hardly ever	Hampir tidak pernah
		Never	Tidak pernah
		Usually	Biasanya
		Generally	Pada umumnya
2.	The Present Continous Tense	Now	Sekarang
		At the present time	Pada saat ini
		Right now	Sekarang juga
3.	The Present Future Tense	Tomorrow	Besok
		The day after tomorrow	Lusa
		Next Monday	Hari Senin depan
		Next week	Pekan depan
		Next month	Bulan depan
		Next year	Tahun depan
4.	The Present Perfect Tense	For an hour	Selama satu jam
		For a week	Selama sepekan
		For a month	Selama sebulan
		Since yesterday	Sejak kemarin
		Since last year	Sejak tahun lalu
		Since this morning	Sejak pagi tadi
		Up to now	Hingga saat ini
		Until now	Sampai sekarang
5.	The Simple Past Tense	Yesterday	Kemarin
		Last Saturday	Hari Sabtu yang lalu
		Last week	Pekan yang lalu
		Last month	Bulan yang lalu
		Last year	Tahun yang lalu
		Two days ago	Dua hari yang lalu
		A week ago	Seminggu yang lalu
		A month ago	Sebulan yang lalu
		A year ago	Setahun yang lalu
		.........ago	...........yang lalu
		The day before yesterday	Sebelum kemarin
6.	The Past Continous Tense	At this time yesterday	Pada saat ini kemarin
		At 10 o’clock yesterday	Jam 10 kemarin

NAMA   : SITI NURHAYATI KELAS   : 1 EA26 NPM     : 18211856 TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB II

                                                      Various kind of English Tenses

 Kinds of tenses there are about 16 kind, and is often used when learning grammar at school or in college.
16 Various tenses are:
 Present Tense (Time)
1. Simple Present Tense (Simple present time)
2. Present Continuous Tense (Time is now underway)
3. Present Perfect Tense (The time is now complete)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (The time is now in progress)
    

Past Tense (Past Time)
5. Simple Past Tense (simple past time)
6. Past Continuous Tense (Time past is in progress)
7. Past Perfect Tense (past time is over)
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (time past has been in progress)
  

 Future (The time will come)
9. Simple Future Tense (The time will come that simple)
10. Future Continuous Tense (The time will come is in progress)
11. Future Perfect Tense (time to come has been completed)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (The time will come already in progress)

 Future Past (The time will come in the past)
13. Future Simple Past Tense (simple past Akan)
14. Past Tense Future Continuous (will be taking place in the past)
15. Past Future Perfect (will be done in the past)
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense (in the past would have been in progress)

Formula formula Tenses English

            Tenses formula to be discussed is saying that there are 16 kinds of tenses. It's only natural for us to learn grammar in school first.
An easy way to learn formulas tenses is to write it on paper and in practice to memorize later in the day-to-day sentences.

Here are the 16 tenses formula:

1. Simple Present
Verb + + S-1 + s / es + O
- S + do / does + Verb-1 + O
? Do / does + S + Verb-1 + O?

2. Present Continuous
+ S + (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + O
- S + (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + Not + O
? (Is, am, are) + Verb-ing + S + O?

 
3. Present Perfect
+ S + Have / has + Verb 3 +-O
- S + Have / has + Not + Verb 3 +-O
? Have / has + S + Verb 3 +-O?

4. Present Perfect Continuous
+ S + have / has + been + Ving + O
- S + have / has + been + Ving + Not + O
? Have / has + been + Ving + S + O?

5. Simple Past
V2 + S + + O
- S + did + Not + V-1 + O
? Did + S + V2 + O?

6. Past Continuous
+ S + (was / were) + Ving + O
- S + (was / were) + Not + Ving + O
? (Was / were) + S + Ving + O?

7. Past Perfect
+ S + had + V3 + O
- S + had + not + V3 + O
? S + had + V3 + O?

8. Past Perfect Continuous
+ S + had + been + Ving + O
- S + had + been + + Not + Ving + O
? S + had + been + Ving + O?

9. Simple Future
+ S + Will / shall + V1 + O
- S + Will / shall + Not + V1 + O
? Will / shall + V1 + S + O?

 
10. Future Continous
+ S + will / shall + be + Ving + O
- S + will / shall + be + Ving + Not + O
? will / shall + be + Ving + S + O?

11. Future Perfect
+ S + will / shall + have + V3 + O
- S + will / shall + have + Not + V3 + O
? will / shall + have + V3 + S + O?

12. Future Perfect Continuous
+ S + will / shall + have + been + Ving + O
- S + will / shall + have + been + Not + Ving + O
? will / shall + S + have + been + Ving + O?

13. Simple Past Future
+ S + would / should + V1 + O
- S + would / should + Not + V1 + O
? would / should + S + V1 + O?

14. Past Future Continuous
+ S + would / should + be + Ving + O
- S + would / should + Not + Be + Ving + O
? would / should + S + Be + Ving + O?

15. Past Future Perfect
+ S + would / should + Have + V3 + O
- S + would / should + Not + Have + V3 + O
? would / should + S + Have + V3 + O?

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous
+ S + would / should + Have + Been + Ving + O
- S + would / should + Not + Have + Been + Ving + O
? would / should + S + Have + Been + Ving + O?

NAMA  : SITI NURHAYATI KELAS : 1EA26 NPM     : 18211856 TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB III

                                                       

                                                        EXAMPLES TENSES


1. Simple Present tense
          Although the present means now but should not ditapsirkan that such action is done at this time. Tenses are used to denote something that is permanent, custom or ultimate truth. Because it often comes at a time when lamapu events, present, and future, this tense time at least have some explanation.

English sentences generally must have a subject (s) and predicate (p). therefore all the tenses would dipormulasi like that.
The formula:
+) Subject + to be + verb + Main verb I
+) Subject + verbI + (s / es)
Example:
* He is handsome
(He was handsome)
* Is he handsome?
(Is he handsome?)
* He is not handsome
(He was not handsome)
Simple Present Tense is used when:
• It was general in nature, or
• Happens all the time, or habit in the past, present and the future, or
• It was not just happening now, or
• Characteristically general truth, which others can not deny its truth anymore.

2. Present Continuous Tense
This tense is used to declare an act that is really being done at this time. The sentences in this tense is more often used than in the present tense.

The formula:
subject + to be (is, am, are) + verb + ing
This tense is used to describe:
• events that are happening now, or
• Events will happen in the future will come

Example:
+) She is cooking in the kitchen.
(She was cooking in the kitchen)
-) She is not cooking in the kitchen
(She's not cooking in the kitchen)
?) She is cooking in the kitchen?
(Whether he was cooking in the kitchen?)

3. Present Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + have + past participle (the form Verb-3)
This tense is used for:
• Experience
• Changes in
• The ongoing situation
Or to show an event that is completed in a short time (just finished)

Consider the following examples of this sentence:
+) They have met me
(They had to see me)
?) They have met me?
(If they already meet me?
-) They have not met me
(They do not see me)

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + have / has + been + + ing K.Kerja
We use this tense to describe:
• The event / activity that just took place
• The actions that took place up to now (when the talk is still going)

Consider the following sentence:
+) They have been playing football
(They have been playing football)
-) They have not been playing football
(Merka was not playing football)
?) They have been playing football?
(Do they see themselves already are playing football?)

5. Simple Past Tense
Positive sentence formula:
subject + Verb Forms to - 2
Negative Sentences formula:
subject + did + not + Verb Forms to - 1
Tanya sentence formula:
Did + subject + Verb Forms to - 1
Exception: When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, the verb is a replacement was (I, she, he, it) and were (we, you, They).

When we use the Simple Past Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action that happened in the past.
Consider the following sentence:
+) They were student last year
(They were students last year)
-) They were not last year student
(They are not a student last year)
?) They were student last year?
(Whether they were students last year?)

6. Past Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + was, were + Verb + ing
When we use this tense?
This tense describes an action or event at a specific time in the past.
Example:
+) We were joking.
-) We were not joking
?) Were we joking?

7. Past Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + had + Verb Forms to - 3
When we use the Past Perfect Tense?
This tense expresses action in the past before another action occurs, but it happened in the past.

Note:
+) I had listen the radio when you come here
(I've heard the radio before you came

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + had + been + Verb + ing
When we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
This is the same Tense Past Perfect Tense use with, but to express the actions of the older in the past before another action occurs.

Note:
She had been Helping me when They went to scool
(She was helping me when they had gone to school)

9. Simple Future Tense
The formula:
subject + WILL / shall + Verb Forms I
When we use the Simple Future Tense?
a. Previous Plan or Not To declare the act / event that will be performed at the time will come
example:
• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
b. Prediction
Example:
• It will rain tomorrow.
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, then the use would it be to replace the verb.
Example:
• I'll be in London tomorrow.

Note:
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or Present Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.

10. Future Continuous Tense
The formula:
WILL + BE + subject + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Continuous Tense?
This tense describes an action that will occur at a certain time in the future.
Example:
He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow
(He was teaching me to be at eight o'clock tomorrow)


11. Future Perfect Tense
The formula:
WILL HAVE + + subject + Verb Form into 3
When we use the Future Perfect Tense?
We use this tense to describe an activity that will occur in the future before the other activities going on.

 
Example:
They will be tired when They arrive.
. (They would have been tired when they come)


12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
Subject + + WILL HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action / activity long before some time in the future. Example:
• He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.


13. Past Tense Future
To declare an action / event will happen in the past the
The formula:
WOULD + subject + Verb Forms I
Example:
She would not be at school tomorrow.
(He's not going to school tomorrow)

14. Past Continuous Tense Future
To declare an act that is going on in the past.
The formula:
WOULD BE + + subject + Verb + ing
Example:
We would be having dinner at home yesterday.
(We will be having dinner at home today)


15. Future Past Perfect Tense
to declare an event that will prbuatan or is happening in the past
The formula:
subject + + WOULD HAVE + to 3 Forms of Verbs
Example:
she would have finished to be studied if he had not been lazy
(He would have graduated if he is not lazy learning)


16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
To declare an act / event that will be happening in the past
The formula:
Subject + + WOULD HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
Example:
We would have been waiting long.
(We will have a long waiting)

CONCLUSION
Tense General formula is as follows:
No formula Tenses
1 Present Simple Tense S + V1 + dll
2 Present Continuous Tense S + is, am, are V-ing + + dll
3 Present Perfect Tense S + have, has + V3 +, etc.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have, has + been + V-ing + dll
5 Simple Past Tense S + V2 +, etc.
6 Past Continuous Tense S + was, were + V-ing + dll
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 +, etc.
8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing + dll
9 Simple Future Tense S + will + V1 + dll
10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing + dll
11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 +, etc.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense 12 S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll
13 Past Simple Future Tense S + would + V1 + dll
14 Past Tense Future Continuous S + would + be + V-ing + dll
Past Perfect Future Tense 15 S + would + have + V3 +, etc.
16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll






REFERENCES:

www.duta4sukses.com/rumus-rumus-tenses/
books.google.co.id / books? isbn = 9797952223 ...