NAMA : SITI NURHAYATI
KELAS : 1EA26
NPM : 18211856
TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB
1
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TENSES
Tenses derived from the Latin word tempus which means the time (time), and obtained through the French language is a form Temps.Tenses usual time we get on in learning English. Due to the tense we can use the sentence in accordance with the depirgunakan keadaan.Pemakaian verb for an act done with the habit, in contrast to the verb used in the ongoing activities, and verbs that are used for past actions, it is also different .
Tenses used in English, there are 16 times that amount, which is known as time division 16 tenses.Tiga the past (past), present (now), future (will come) are called tenses. Based on the division of time, in three groups form the main tenses, each broken down again to declare the act in a more specific time.
By understanding and mastering the tenses of English you will be faster, especially in terms of self-learning grammatical deviations. To be stuck tense of course this needs to be practiced when you are accustomed to speaking and writing. English is indeed strange, and tenses of English is what makes it complicated, especially for us people of Indonesia. But once we recognize the formula is actually not difficult tenses.
Just look at the difference in English:
• Dedy visits Budi now (now)
• Dedy Budi visited yesterday (yesterday / past)
• Budi Dedy will visit next Sunday (will come)
This example illustrates the difference between the events is done now, past, or future. In matters like these tenses role to determine when and where it happened.
Here are the 16 division of tenses
which we will discuss (in serial):
1.
Present tense
• Simple Present Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
• Simple Present Tense
• Present Continuous Tense
• Present Perfect Tense
• Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2.
Past Tenses
• Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
• Simple Past Tense
• Past Continuous Tense
• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3.
(Present) Future Tenses
• (Present) Simple Future Tense
• (Present) Future Continuous Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
• (Present) Simple Future Tense
• (Present) Future Continuous Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Tense
• (Present) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4.
Conditional / Past Tense Future
• Simple Conditional / Past Tense Future
• Conditional / Continuous Past Future Tense
• Conditional / Past Perfect Future Tense
• Conditional / Continuous Past Perfect Future Tense
• Simple Conditional / Past Tense Future
• Conditional / Continuous Past Future Tense
• Conditional / Past Perfect Future Tense
• Conditional / Continuous Past Perfect Future Tense
How to Recognize "tense"
A.
With Viewing Forms of Verbs
The main way to recognize "tenses" is to see the word forms of a predicate of a sentence. To remind again, consider the following list of verbs
The main way to recognize "tenses" is to see the word forms of a predicate of a sentence. To remind again, consider the following list of verbs
Present/Infinitive
(Bentuk I)
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Simple Past (Bentuk II)
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Past Participle (Bentuk III)
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Continous
Form
(Bentuk –ing)
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Tanpa Akhiran -es/-s
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Berakhiran
-es/-s
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|||
Dig
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digs
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Dug
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dug
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Digging
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Do
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does
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Did
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done
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Doing
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draw
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draws
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Drew
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drawn
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Drawing
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dream
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dreams
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dreamed/dreamt
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dreamed/dreamt
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Dreaming
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drinks
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Drank
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drunk
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Drinking
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|
drive
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drives
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Drove
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driven
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Driving
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B. By Looking at 'Time Signal' (= alert Time)
Another way to identify the name of 'tense' is by looking at the cues contained in the sentence. Sometimes - sometimes a sentence has a hint of time, but sometimes not. When the sentence has a hint of time so we can recognize the name of 'tense' sentence from time signal uses.
Here's the name of six (6) 'tenses' and the usual time cues used in each - each 'tense':
No.
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Nama Tense
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Isyarat Waktu
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Makna
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1.
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The Simple
Present Tense
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Everyday
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Setiap hari
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Every week
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Setiap pekan
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Every month
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Setiap bulan
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Every year
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Setiap tahun
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Every Sunday
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Setiap hari
Minggu
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Every.......
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Setiap..........
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Always
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Selalu
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Often
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Sering
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Sometimes
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Kadang –
kadang
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Seldom
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Jarang
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Hardly ever
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Hampir tidak
pernah
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Never
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Tidak pernah
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Usually
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Biasanya
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Generally
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Pada umumnya
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2.
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The Present
Continous Tense
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Now
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Sekarang
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At the
present time
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Pada saat ini
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Right now
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Sekarang juga
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3.
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The Present
Future Tense
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Tomorrow
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Besok
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The day after
tomorrow
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Lusa
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Next Monday
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Hari Senin
depan
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Next week
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Pekan depan
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Next month
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Bulan depan
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Next year
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Tahun depan
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4.
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The Present
Perfect Tense
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For an hour
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Selama satu
jam
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For a week
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Selama
sepekan
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For a month
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Selama
sebulan
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Since
yesterday
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Sejak kemarin
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Since last
year
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Sejak tahun
lalu
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Since this
morning
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Sejak pagi
tadi
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Up to now
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Hingga saat
ini
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Until now
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Sampai
sekarang
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5.
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The Simple
Past Tense
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Yesterday
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Kemarin
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Last Saturday
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Hari Sabtu
yang lalu
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Last week
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Pekan yang
lalu
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Last month
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Bulan yang
lalu
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Last year
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Tahun yang
lalu
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Two days ago
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Dua hari yang
lalu
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A week ago
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Seminggu yang
lalu
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A month ago
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Sebulan yang
lalu
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A year ago
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Setahun yang
lalu
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.........ago
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...........yang
lalu
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The day
before yesterday
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Sebelum
kemarin
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6.
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The Past
Continous Tense
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At this time
yesterday
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Pada saat ini
kemarin
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At 10 o’clock
yesterday
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Jam 10
kemarin
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NAMA : SITI NURHAYATI
KELAS : 1 EA26
NPM : 18211856
TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB
II
|
Various kind of English Tenses
Kinds of tenses there are
about 16 kind, and is often used when learning grammar at school or in college.
16 Various tenses are:
Present Tense (Time)
1. Simple Present Tense (Simple present time)
2. Present Continuous Tense (Time is now underway)
3. Present Perfect Tense (The time is now complete)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (The time is now in progress)
16 Various tenses are:
Present Tense (Time)
1. Simple Present Tense (Simple present time)
2. Present Continuous Tense (Time is now underway)
3. Present Perfect Tense (The time is now complete)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (The time is now in progress)
Past Tense (Past Time)
5. Simple Past Tense (simple past time)
6. Past Continuous Tense (Time past is in progress)
7. Past Perfect Tense (past time is over)
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (time past has been in progress)
5. Simple Past Tense (simple past time)
6. Past Continuous Tense (Time past is in progress)
7. Past Perfect Tense (past time is over)
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (time past has been in progress)
Future (The time will come)
9. Simple Future Tense (The time will come that simple)
10. Future Continuous Tense (The time will come is in progress)
11. Future Perfect Tense (time to come has been completed)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (The time will come already in progress)
9. Simple Future Tense (The time will come that simple)
10. Future Continuous Tense (The time will come is in progress)
11. Future Perfect Tense (time to come has been completed)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (The time will come already in progress)
Future Past (The time will
come in the past)
13. Future Simple Past Tense (simple past Akan)
14. Past Tense Future Continuous (will be taking place in the past)
15. Past Future Perfect (will be done in the past)
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense (in the past would have been in progress)
13. Future Simple Past Tense (simple past Akan)
14. Past Tense Future Continuous (will be taking place in the past)
15. Past Future Perfect (will be done in the past)
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense (in the past would have been in progress)
Formula
formula Tenses English
Tenses formula to be discussed is
saying that there are 16 kinds of tenses. It's only natural for us to learn
grammar in school first.
An easy way to learn formulas tenses is to write it on paper and in practice to memorize later in the day-to-day sentences.
Here are the 16 tenses formula:
An easy way to learn formulas tenses is to write it on paper and in practice to memorize later in the day-to-day sentences.
Here are the 16 tenses formula:
1. Simple Present
Verb + + S-1 + s / es + O
- S + do / does + Verb-1 + O
? Do / does + S + Verb-1 + O?
2. Present Continuous
+ S + (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + O
- S + (is, am, are) + Verb-ing + Not + O
? (Is, am, are) + Verb-ing + S + O?
3. Present Perfect
+ S + Have / has + Verb 3 +-O
- S + Have / has + Not + Verb 3 +-O
? Have / has + S + Verb 3 +-O?
4. Present Perfect Continuous
+ S + have / has + been + Ving + O
- S + have / has + been + Ving + Not + O
? Have / has + been + Ving + S + O?
5. Simple Past
V2 + S + + O
- S + did + Not + V-1 + O
? Did + S + V2 + O?
6. Past Continuous
+ S + (was / were) + Ving + O
- S + (was / were) + Not + Ving + O
? (Was / were) + S + Ving + O?
7. Past Perfect
+ S + had + V3 + O
- S + had + not + V3 + O
? S + had + V3 + O?
8. Past Perfect Continuous
+ S + had + been + Ving + O
- S + had + been + + Not + Ving + O
? S + had + been + Ving + O?
9. Simple Future
+ S + Will / shall + V1 + O
- S + Will / shall + Not + V1 + O
? Will / shall + V1 + S + O?
10. Future Continous
+ S + will / shall + be + Ving + O
- S + will / shall + be + Ving + Not + O
? will / shall + be + Ving + S + O?
11. Future Perfect
+ S + will / shall + have + V3 + O
- S + will / shall + have + Not + V3 + O
? will / shall + have + V3 + S + O?
12. Future Perfect Continuous
+ S + will / shall + have + been + Ving + O
- S + will / shall + have + been + Not + Ving + O
? will / shall + S + have + been + Ving + O?
13. Simple Past Future
+ S + would / should + V1 + O
- S + would / should + Not + V1 + O
? would / should + S + V1 + O?
14. Past Future Continuous
+ S + would / should + be + Ving + O
- S + would / should + Not + Be + Ving + O
? would / should + S + Be + Ving + O?
15. Past Future Perfect
+ S + would / should + Have + V3 + O
- S + would / should + Not + Have + V3 + O
? would / should + S + Have + V3 + O?
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous
+ S + would / should + Have + Been + Ving + O
- S + would / should + Not + Have + Been + Ving + O
? would / should + S + Have + Been + Ving + O?
NAMA
: SITI NURHAYATI
KELAS : 1EA26
NPM : 18211856
TUGAS SOFT SKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BAB
III
|
EXAMPLES TENSES
1. Simple Present tense
Although the present means now but should not ditapsirkan that such action is done at this time. Tenses are used to denote something that is permanent, custom or ultimate truth. Because it often comes at a time when lamapu events, present, and future, this tense time at least have some explanation.
English sentences generally must have a subject (s) and predicate (p). therefore all the tenses would dipormulasi like that.
The formula:
+) Subject + to be + verb + Main verb I
+) Subject + verbI + (s / es)
Example:
* He is handsome
(He was handsome)
* Is he handsome?
(Is he handsome?)
* He is not handsome
(He was not handsome)
Simple Present Tense is used when:
• It was general in nature, or
• Happens all the time, or habit in the past, present and the future, or
• It was not just happening now, or
• Characteristically general truth, which others can not deny its truth anymore.
2. Present Continuous Tense
This tense is used to declare an act that is really being done at this time. The sentences in this tense is more often used than in the present tense.
The formula:
subject + to be (is, am, are) + verb + ing
This tense is used to describe:
• events that are happening now, or
• Events will happen in the future will come
Example:
+) She is cooking in the kitchen.
(She was cooking in the kitchen)
-) She is not cooking in the kitchen
(She's not cooking in the kitchen)
?) She is cooking in the kitchen?
(Whether he was cooking in the kitchen?)
3. Present Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + have + past participle (the form Verb-3)
This tense is used for:
• Experience
• Changes in
• The ongoing situation
Or to show an event that is completed in a short time (just finished)
Consider the following examples of this sentence:
+) They have met me
(They had to see me)
?) They have met me?
(If they already meet me?
-) They have not met me
(They do not see me)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + have / has + been + + ing K.Kerja
We use this tense to describe:
• The event / activity that just took place
• The actions that took place up to now (when the talk is still going)
Consider the following sentence:
+) They have been playing football
(They have been playing football)
-) They have not been playing football
(Merka was not playing football)
?) They have been playing football?
(Do they see themselves already are playing football?)
5. Simple Past Tense
Positive sentence formula:
subject + Verb Forms to - 2
Negative Sentences formula:
subject + did + not + Verb Forms to - 1
Tanya sentence formula:
Did + subject + Verb Forms to - 1
Exception: When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, the verb is a replacement was (I, she, he, it) and were (we, you, They).
When we use the Simple Past Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action that happened in the past.
Consider the following sentence:
+) They were student last year
(They were students last year)
-) They were not last year student
(They are not a student last year)
?) They were student last year?
(Whether they were students last year?)
6. Past Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + was, were + Verb + ing
When we use this tense?
This tense describes an action or event at a specific time in the past.
Example:
+) We were joking.
-) We were not joking
?) Were we joking?
7. Past Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + had + Verb Forms to - 3
When we use the Past Perfect Tense?
This tense expresses action in the past before another action occurs, but it happened in the past.
1. Simple Present tense
Although the present means now but should not ditapsirkan that such action is done at this time. Tenses are used to denote something that is permanent, custom or ultimate truth. Because it often comes at a time when lamapu events, present, and future, this tense time at least have some explanation.
English sentences generally must have a subject (s) and predicate (p). therefore all the tenses would dipormulasi like that.
The formula:
+) Subject + to be + verb + Main verb I
+) Subject + verbI + (s / es)
Example:
* He is handsome
(He was handsome)
* Is he handsome?
(Is he handsome?)
* He is not handsome
(He was not handsome)
Simple Present Tense is used when:
• It was general in nature, or
• Happens all the time, or habit in the past, present and the future, or
• It was not just happening now, or
• Characteristically general truth, which others can not deny its truth anymore.
2. Present Continuous Tense
This tense is used to declare an act that is really being done at this time. The sentences in this tense is more often used than in the present tense.
The formula:
subject + to be (is, am, are) + verb + ing
This tense is used to describe:
• events that are happening now, or
• Events will happen in the future will come
Example:
+) She is cooking in the kitchen.
(She was cooking in the kitchen)
-) She is not cooking in the kitchen
(She's not cooking in the kitchen)
?) She is cooking in the kitchen?
(Whether he was cooking in the kitchen?)
3. Present Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + have + past participle (the form Verb-3)
This tense is used for:
• Experience
• Changes in
• The ongoing situation
Or to show an event that is completed in a short time (just finished)
Consider the following examples of this sentence:
+) They have met me
(They had to see me)
?) They have met me?
(If they already meet me?
-) They have not met me
(They do not see me)
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + have / has + been + + ing K.Kerja
We use this tense to describe:
• The event / activity that just took place
• The actions that took place up to now (when the talk is still going)
Consider the following sentence:
+) They have been playing football
(They have been playing football)
-) They have not been playing football
(Merka was not playing football)
?) They have been playing football?
(Do they see themselves already are playing football?)
5. Simple Past Tense
Positive sentence formula:
subject + Verb Forms to - 2
Negative Sentences formula:
subject + did + not + Verb Forms to - 1
Tanya sentence formula:
Did + subject + Verb Forms to - 1
Exception: When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, the verb is a replacement was (I, she, he, it) and were (we, you, They).
When we use the Simple Past Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action that happened in the past.
Consider the following sentence:
+) They were student last year
(They were students last year)
-) They were not last year student
(They are not a student last year)
?) They were student last year?
(Whether they were students last year?)
6. Past Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + was, were + Verb + ing
When we use this tense?
This tense describes an action or event at a specific time in the past.
Example:
+) We were joking.
-) We were not joking
?) Were we joking?
7. Past Perfect Tense
The formula:
subject + had + Verb Forms to - 3
When we use the Past Perfect Tense?
This tense expresses action in the past before another action occurs, but it happened in the past.
Note:
+) I had listen the radio when you come here
(I've heard the radio before you came
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + had + been + Verb + ing
When we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
This is the same Tense Past Perfect Tense use with, but to express the actions of the older in the past before another action occurs.
Note:
She had been Helping me when They went to scool
(She was helping me when they had gone to school)
9. Simple Future Tense
The formula:
subject + WILL / shall + Verb Forms I
When we use the Simple Future Tense?
a. Previous Plan or Not To declare the act / event that will be performed at the time will come
example:
• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
b. Prediction
Example:
• It will rain tomorrow.
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, then the use would it be to replace the verb.
Example:
• I'll be in London tomorrow.
Note:
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or Present Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
10. Future Continuous Tense
The formula:
WILL + BE + subject + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Continuous Tense?
This tense describes an action that will occur at a certain time in the future.
Example:
He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow
(He was teaching me to be at eight o'clock tomorrow)
11. Future Perfect Tense
The formula:
WILL HAVE + + subject + Verb Form into 3
When we use the Future Perfect Tense?
We use this tense to describe an activity that will occur in the future before the other activities going on.
Example:
They will be tired when They arrive.
. (They would have been tired when they come)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
Subject + + WILL HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action / activity long before some time in the future. Example:
• He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.
13. Past Tense Future
To declare an action / event will happen in the past the
The formula:
WOULD + subject + Verb Forms I
Example:
She would not be at school tomorrow.
(He's not going to school tomorrow)
14. Past Continuous Tense Future
To declare an act that is going on in the past.
The formula:
WOULD BE + + subject + Verb + ing
Example:
We would be having dinner at home yesterday.
(We will be having dinner at home today)
15. Future Past Perfect Tense
to declare an event that will prbuatan or is happening in the past
The formula:
subject + + WOULD HAVE + to 3 Forms of Verbs
Example:
she would have finished to be studied if he had not been lazy
(He would have graduated if he is not lazy learning)
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
To declare an act / event that will be happening in the past
The formula:
Subject + + WOULD HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
Example:
We would have been waiting long.
(We will have a long waiting)
CONCLUSION
Tense General formula is as follows:
No formula Tenses
1 Present Simple Tense S + V1 + dll
2 Present Continuous Tense S + is, am, are V-ing + + dll
3 Present Perfect Tense S + have, has + V3 +, etc.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have, has + been + V-ing + dll
5 Simple Past Tense S + V2 +, etc.
6 Past Continuous Tense S + was, were + V-ing + dll
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 +, etc.
8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing + dll
9 Simple Future Tense S + will + V1 + dll
10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing + dll
11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 +, etc.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense 12 S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll
13 Past Simple Future Tense S + would + V1 + dll
14 Past Tense Future Continuous S + would + be + V-ing + dll
Past Perfect Future Tense 15 S + would + have + V3 +, etc.
16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll
REFERENCES:
www.duta4sukses.com/rumus-rumus-tenses/
books.google.co.id / books? isbn = 9797952223 ...
+) I had listen the radio when you come here
(I've heard the radio before you came
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
subject + had + been + Verb + ing
When we use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense?
This is the same Tense Past Perfect Tense use with, but to express the actions of the older in the past before another action occurs.
Note:
She had been Helping me when They went to scool
(She was helping me when they had gone to school)
9. Simple Future Tense
The formula:
subject + WILL / shall + Verb Forms I
When we use the Simple Future Tense?
a. Previous Plan or Not To declare the act / event that will be performed at the time will come
example:
• Hold on. I'll get a pen.
b. Prediction
Example:
• It will rain tomorrow.
NON-VERBAL SENTENCE
When the predicate of a sentence rather than a verb, then the use would it be to replace the verb.
Example:
• I'll be in London tomorrow.
Note:
When we have a plan or desire to perform an activity in the future, then use be going to or Present Continuous Tense to replace will / shall.
10. Future Continuous Tense
The formula:
WILL + BE + subject + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Continuous Tense?
This tense describes an action that will occur at a certain time in the future.
Example:
He will be teaching me at eight tomorrow
(He was teaching me to be at eight o'clock tomorrow)
11. Future Perfect Tense
The formula:
WILL HAVE + + subject + Verb Form into 3
When we use the Future Perfect Tense?
We use this tense to describe an activity that will occur in the future before the other activities going on.
Example:
They will be tired when They arrive.
. (They would have been tired when they come)
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The formula:
Subject + + WILL HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
When we use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense?
We use this tense to talk about an action / activity long before some time in the future. Example:
• He will be tired when he arrives. He will have been traveling for 24 hours.
13. Past Tense Future
To declare an action / event will happen in the past the
The formula:
WOULD + subject + Verb Forms I
Example:
She would not be at school tomorrow.
(He's not going to school tomorrow)
14. Past Continuous Tense Future
To declare an act that is going on in the past.
The formula:
WOULD BE + + subject + Verb + ing
Example:
We would be having dinner at home yesterday.
(We will be having dinner at home today)
15. Future Past Perfect Tense
to declare an event that will prbuatan or is happening in the past
The formula:
subject + + WOULD HAVE + to 3 Forms of Verbs
Example:
she would have finished to be studied if he had not been lazy
(He would have graduated if he is not lazy learning)
16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense
To declare an act / event that will be happening in the past
The formula:
Subject + + WOULD HAVE BEEN + I + Verb + ing
Example:
We would have been waiting long.
(We will have a long waiting)
CONCLUSION
Tense General formula is as follows:
No formula Tenses
1 Present Simple Tense S + V1 + dll
2 Present Continuous Tense S + is, am, are V-ing + + dll
3 Present Perfect Tense S + have, has + V3 +, etc.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have, has + been + V-ing + dll
5 Simple Past Tense S + V2 +, etc.
6 Past Continuous Tense S + was, were + V-ing + dll
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3 +, etc.
8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing + dll
9 Simple Future Tense S + will + V1 + dll
10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing + dll
11 Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3 +, etc.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense 12 S + will + have + been + V-ing + dll
13 Past Simple Future Tense S + would + V1 + dll
14 Past Tense Future Continuous S + would + be + V-ing + dll
Past Perfect Future Tense 15 S + would + have + V3 +, etc.
16 Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing + dll
REFERENCES:
www.duta4sukses.com/rumus-rumus-tenses/
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