NAMA
: SITI NURHAYATI
KELAS
: 1 EA26
NPM
: 18211856
BOROBUDUR
TEMPLE HISTORY
Borobudur was built around 800 AD or the 9th century. Borobudur was built by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism during the reign of Dynasty dynasty. The temple was built in the heyday of the dynasty dynasty. Founder of the Borobudur Temple, King Samaratungga originating from or dynasty dynasty dynasty. The possibility of this temple was built around 824 AD and was completed around the year AD 900's during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of Samaratungga. While the architects who contributed to build this temple according to a story passed down through generations named Gunadharma.
Borobudur own words based on the first written evidence, written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who gave names to the temple of Borobudur. Only one of the oldest documents that show the existence of this temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by the MPU Prapanca in 1365. In the book is written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist meditation.
Meaning of the name Borobudur is "monastery in the hills", which comes from the word "bara" (temple or monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high places) in Sanskrit. Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, so this place long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.
This temple for centuries are no longer used. Then because of volcanic eruptions, most of the buildings covered Borobudur volcanic soil. In addition, the building is also covered with various trees and shrubs for centuries. Then the building of this temple began forgotten in the days of Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.
In 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of the discovery of archaeological objects in the giant-sized village of Magelang Bumisegoro. Due to great interest of the history of Java, Raffles immediately ordered the HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the location of the current invention is a hill covered with shrubs.
Cornelius assisted by about 200 men cut down trees and remove shrubs that cover the giant building. Because the building is already fragile and could collapse, then Cornelius Raffles reported to the invention includes a few pictures. Because of that discovery, Raffles was honored as the person who started the restoration of Borobudur temple and got the attention of the world. In 1835, the entire area of the temple has been unearthed. The temple is kept restored in the Dutch colonial period.
After Indonesia's independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really began to place on August 10, 1973. The new restoration process was completed in 1984. Since 1991, Candi Borobudur World Heritage Site designated as World Heritage by UNESCO or.
MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAMPLE
1. In the century Borobudur temple in what is
created?
a.
9th
century
b.
8th
century
c.
7th
century
d.
6th
century
Answer : a
2.
Who is the architect who made
Borobudur temple?
a.
Samaratungga
b.
Gunadarma
c.
Pramudawardani
d.
Mpu
prapanca
Answer : b
3.
Borobudur temple relics of what
religion?
a.
Christian
b.
Hindu
c.
Buddha
d.
Islam
Answer : c
4.
In the reign of whom made Borobudur
temple?
a.
Dynasty
Syailendra
b.
Mpu
prapanca
c.
Gunadarma
d.
Hayam
wuruk
Answer : a
5.
What name of the book that
shows the existence of Borobudur
temple?
a.
Nagarakretagama
b.
Sanskrit
c.
Tripitaka
d.
Wreda
Answer : a
EXAMPLE RIGHT CHOICE / FALSE
1. SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES person
who gave the name of the Borobudur temple ..?
True
2.
QUEEN
PRAMUWARDHANI is the daughter of Samaratungga?
True
3.
Borobudur's name is taken from the Malay
language?
False
4.
Discovery of
archaeological objects located in BUMISEGORO MAGELANG?
True
5.
Borobudur
Temple is a Hindu religious heritage?
False
EXAMPLE ESSAY
1. What are instructed to SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES CORNELIUS HC?
1. What are instructed to SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES CORNELIUS HC?
To investigate the discovery of archaeological objects where the location of its discovery was a hill covered with shrubs.
2. What is acceptable SIR THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES in 1835?
SIR
THOMAS STAMFORD RAFFLES
was honored as the person who started the restoration of Borobudur
temple and got the attention of the world.
3. Why the temple was for centuries no longer use?
due to volcanic
eruptions, most of the buildings covered
Borobudur volcanic soil, then
the building of this temple began forgotten in the days of Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.
4. Whether the meaning of the name Borobudur, please explain?
Borobudur
is "monastery in the hills", which comes from the word "bara" (temple or monastery)
and "beduhur" (hills or high places) in Sanskrit. Therefore,
in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, so this place long ago
used as a place of Buddhist worship.
5. At Borobudur temple restoration performed by the government of Indonesia and get help from
which
the restoration process?
in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO, restoration is a completely new start was made on August 10, 1973. The new restoration process was completed in 1984.
in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO, restoration is a completely new start was made on August 10, 1973. The new restoration process was completed in 1984.
